Stephen Merritt, CPA, PC  |  Certified Public Accountants  |  (757) 420-5778
233 Business Park Drive, Suite 104, Virginia Beach, VA 23462

Your monthly news & updates

What’s Inside

September, 2024

• Banks Won’t Always Save You from Scams
• Early Mortgage Payoff: Small Payments Can Save You Big Money
• Debt Relief and Taxes

October, 2024

• 5 Ideas to Help Save Money
• Tips to Protect Your Social Security Number
• Think Before Tapping 401(k)s and IRAs as Emergency Fund

Banks Won’t Always Save You from Scams

It’s easy to feel secure about the money you deposit with a bank you’ve come to trust. After all, most banks and credit unions offer certain levels of protection against fraudulent transactions.

Banks, however, won’t protect you against all types of fraud.

Here’s a look at the protections that banks and credit unions usually provide to their customers – and which situations where you’ll likely be on your own.

When a Bank Usually Protects You

For credit cards, banks usually provide zero liability on any unauthorized charges.

Debit cards also provide protection against fraudulent purchases, but there may be limitations depending on which financial institution issued your card. According to federal law, here is the maximum amount of fraudulent transactions you’ll be responsible for depending on when you notify your bank that your card is lost or stolen:

• Immediately notify your bank before any unauthorized charges are made: Zero liability
• Within two business days: Up to $50
• After two business days but within 60 days: Up to $500
• Fail to notify within 60 days: Unlimited

When a Bank Usually WON’T Protect You

Unfortunately, there are many types of scams that banks won’t reimburse you for if someone steals your money. Here are some of the more common scams:

• You are scammed into moving money out of your account and into another person’s account.
• A hacker uses lies to convince you to make a bank transfer into a cryptocurrency wallet.
• You liquidate your retirement funds and send the money to someone else for any reason, even if you were conned into it.
• You make a person-to-person transfer to another individual using an online payment app, and that transfer doesn’t come with any type of purchase protection.

How to Protect Yourself from Common Banking Scams

Here’s how to protect yourself from getting scammed:

• Don’t communicate about your accounts unless you initiate the conversation. If someone calls about your bank account, hang up and call the financial institution directly using your normal means of contact.
• Never share your information. Don’t share account details or personal information online or over the phone, especially if you were asked to share these details in a phone call you didn’t initiate or via email.
• Tell someone. Scammers try to isolate you from family members and friends. If you’re unsure about a banking transaction you plan to make, or you wonder if you’re being victimized, tell someone you trust about the situation.
• Ask your bank for help. Bank tellers are trained to spot the early signs of fraudulent transactions. If you’re making a bank transfer and feel unsure about the situation, explain it to a teller or bank representative and ask for their help.
• Report the incident. Whether you unfortunately got scammed or you spotted the attempted scam before withdrawing any money, submit a report of the situation by visiting ReportFraud.ftc.gov.

Early Mortgage Payoff:
Small Payments Can Save You Big Money

Small payments can save you big money when paying off your mortgage.

With 30-year fixed rates reaching levels not seen in 25 years, adding even just a little extra to your monthly payment can significantly cut down on the interest you pay over the life of your mortgage.

Here are several different scenarios to illustrate how much interest you can save by slightly increasing each monthly payment.

Base scenario and assumptions

Here’s the assumptions used for this base scenario:

• Average U.S. home price ($420,800) and mortgage rate (7.50%) for early 3rd quarter of 2024
• Average U.S. downpayment of 10%
• House financed using a 30-year fixed rate mortgage
• Monthly payment includes principal and interest payments only; it does not include other expenses typically bundled with monthly payments, such as property taxes, homeowners insurance, and mortgage insurance premiums

With no additional money tacked on to your monthly payment, you would pay $574,583 in interest over the course of your 30 year mortgage in this base scenario.

To buy this house for $420,800, you would end up paying just shy of $1 million after adding $574,583 of interest charges!

None of us wants to pay $1 million for a $420,000 house. So let’s take a look at the following scenarios to find out how much interest expense you can save by increasing your monthly payments by a small amount.

Here’s a summary of the base scenario’s assumptions compared with how much interest you can save, and how much faster you’ll pay off your mortgage, in each of the following examples.

Example #1: An Extra $100 Per Month

Adding an extra $100 to your monthly mortgage payment would save you $81,902 in interest expense and cut down on the time to pay off your mortgage by 3½ years.

Example #2: An Extra Lump-Sum at Years 5, 15 & 25

In this example, let’s assume you make an additional lump-sum payment of $5,000 in years 5, 15, and 25 of your mortgage.

While you wouldn’t save that much extra time paying off your mortgage in this scenario, you’ll still end up pocketing nearly $37,000 just by making three lump-sum payments over the course of your mortgage.

Example #3: An Extra $200 Per Month

If you can afford an extra $100 per month to put towards your mortgage, why not try for $200 a month? This is where the math starts to get fun. Adding $200 a month helps pay off your mortgage 6 years sooner and saves you $140,000 in interest expense.

Every little bit helps

Even adding an extra $10 per month can save you nearly $10,000 over the course of your mortgage. That’s a lot of money that goes into your bank account instead of your bank’s bank account!

Paying off your mortgage early and cutting down how much interest you pay over the course of your mortgage doesn’t require a lot of money. Whether it’s $100 or $10 a month, every little bit can help on your quest towards a better financial future for you and your family.

Debt Relief and Taxes

What everyone should know

Negotiating to decrease or zero out a credit card bill or other loan balance can help relieve a tough financial situation, but it can also give way to an unexpected tax bill. Here’s a quick review of various debt cancellation situations and how they impact your your taxes.

• Consumer debt. If you have a credit card balance or loan forgiven, be prepared to receive IRS Form 1099-C representing the amount of debt cancelled. The IRS considers that amount taxable income to you, and they expect to see it reported on your tax return. However, if you’ve filed for bankruptcy or have liabilities that exceed your assets, then you may not need to report a cancelled debt as taxable income.
• Primary home. If your home is short sold or foreclosed and the lender receives less than the total amount of the outstanding loan, expect that amount of debt cancellation to be reported to you and the IRS. But special rules allow you to exclude up to $2 million in cancellation income in many circumstances. You’ll need to fill out paperwork to report this special homeowner exclusion to the IRS, but the end result can be a generous tax break for you and your family.
• Student loans. While this topic has generated plenty of recent headlines, the basics of student loan forgiveness have remained essentially the same. If your school closes while enrolled or soon after you withdraw, you may be eligible to discharge your federal student loan and not include the forgiven amount as taxable income. And if you are able to take advantage of the recent student loan forgiveness provision under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, your cancellation may be exempt from federal tax. The challenge, though, is that recent forgiveness programs are still being challenged in court AND your state may still wish to tax the loan forgiveness.
• Second home, rental property, investment property, & business property. The rules for debt cancellation on second homes, rental property, and investment or business property can be extremely complicated. Given your cost of these properties, your financial condition, and the amount of debt cancelled, it’s still possible to have this debt cancellation taxed at a preferred capital gains rate, or even considered not taxable at all.

Each of these themes have one thing in common – the tax laws can be complicated and you will probably need help navigating your situation.

5 Ideas to Help Save Money

Creating a sound financial foundation for you and your family is anything but easy. It is tough to save when everyone is tempting you with adding one monthly service after another. Add to that the high increases in things like property taxes and insurance and you realize that saving is becoming more of an art form than a great habit. So here are some ideas to help build your wealth.

1. Pay yourself first. Treat saving money with the same care as you pay your bills. Take a percentage of everything you earn and save it. Using this technique can help build an emergency fund and keep you from living paycheck to paycheck.
2. Know and use the Rule of 72. You can roughly calculate the number of years compound interest will take to double your money using the Rule of 72. Do this by dividing 72 by your rate of return to estimate how long it takes to double your money. For example, 10% interest will double an investment in 7.2 years; investments with an 8% return will double in nine years. Use this concept to understand the power of saving and investment.
3. Use savings versus debt for purchases. Unpaid debt is like compound interest but in reverse. For instance, using a 20% interest credit card to pay $1,500 for home appliances costs nearly $1,000 in interest expense if paid back over 5 years (on top of the original $1,500!). The result is that you have to work harder and earn more to pay for the items you purchase. A better idea is to save and then buy your dream item. Even better, when you save in a high interest account, you put interest to work for you to make the purchase more affordable.
4. Understand amortization. When a bank loans you money, it gives you a specific interest rate and a set number of years to pay it back. Each payment you make contains interest as well as a reduction of the amount owed, called principal. Most of the interest payments are front-loaded, while the last few payments are virtually all principal. Making additional principal payments at the beginning of the loan’s term will decrease the amount of interest you pay to the bank and help you pay off the loan more quickly.
5. Taxes are complex and require help. Tax laws are complicated. They are made even more complex when the rules change, often late in the year. Even worse, the IRS is not in the habit of telling you when you forget to take a deduction. The best way to stay out of the IRS spotlight AND to minimize your taxes is to ask for help.

Tips to Protect Your Social Security Number

Very few things in life can create a higher degree of stress than having your Social Security number (SSN) stolen. This is because, unlike other forms of identification, your SSN is virtually permanent. Here are some things that you can do to minimize the risk of having your number fall into the hands of the wrong people.

• Never carry your card. Place your SSN card in a safe place. That place is never your wallet or purse. Only take the card with you when you need it.
• Know who needs it. As identity theft continues to evolve, there are fewer people and organizations who really need to know your SSN. Here is that list:
  • The government. Federal and state governments use this number to keep track of your earnings for retirement benefits and to ensure you pay proper taxes.
  • Your employer. Your SSN is used to keep track of your wages and withholdings. It is also used to prove citizenship and to contribute to your Social Security and Medicare accounts.
  • Certain financial institutions. Your SSN is used by various financial institutions to prove citizenship, open bank accounts, provide loans, establish other forms of credit, track digital payments, report your credit history, or confirm your identity. In no case should you be required to confirm more than the last four digits of your number.
• Challenge all other requests. Many other vendors may ask for your SSN, but having it may not be essential. The most common requests come from health care providers and insurance companies, but requests can also come from subscription services when setting up a new account. When asked on a form for your number, leave it blank. If your supplier really needs it, they will ask you for it. This allows you to challenge their request.
• Destroy and distort documents. Shred any documents that have your number listed. When providing copies of your tax return to anyone, distort or cover your SSN. Remember, your number is printed on the top of each page of Form 1040. If the government requests your SSN on a check payment, only place the last four digits on the check, and replace the first five digits with Xs.
• Keep your scammer alert on high. Never give out any part of the number over the phone or via email. Do not even confirm your SSN to someone who happens to read it back to you on the phone. If this happens to you, file a police report and report the theft to the IRS and Federal Trade Commission.
• Proactively check for use. Periodically check your credit reports for potential use of your SSN. If suspicious activity is found, have the credit agencies place a fraud alert on your account. Remember, everyone is entitled to a free credit report once a year. You can obtain yours on the Annual Credit Report website.

Replacing a stolen SSN is not only hard to do, it can create many problems. Your best defense is to stop the theft before it happens.

Think Before Tapping 401(k)s and IRAs as Emergency Fund

All Americans are now allowed to withdraw up to $1,000 every year from retirement accounts to pay for a broad range of emergency expenses. There are several reasons, however, why you should avoid tapping your retirement accounts at all costs.

Reasons to leave retirement funds alone.

• You’re diluting your retirement savings. Although the money comes in handy now, you’re chipping away at your nest egg and forfeiting growth. For example, if you withdraw $100,000 that would earn 6% annually tax-deferred for ten years, you give up a whopping $79,000 in lost earnings!
• It may be bad timing. Experts say it’s difficult to time the markets in the current volatile environment. If you sell some holdings right now, you may be locking in losses that would miss future appreciation.
• You still owe income tax. Even if it’s for an emergency, income tax is due on all withdrawals from traditional 401(k)s and IRAs.
• You may also owe a penalty. You may have to pay a 10% penalty on your withdrawal if it doesn’t qualify for an IRS-defined exception.

Ideas to find cash

Instead of tapping into retirement funds, here are some ideas to generate the cash you need:

• Sell unwanted items. Take a look around your home for items that you no longer use such as clothes, electronics, or furniture, and sell them through an online marketplace.
• Rent out a room or other property. If you have extra space in your home, consider renting it out or finding a more long-term tenant. Be sure to check with your local government for rules on short-term rentals.
• Freelance or gig work. Many companies are looking for part-time workers and independent contractors instead of committing to a full-time employee. Consider reaching out to local businesses to offer your expertise, in addition to creating an online profile through platforms that are popular for consultants.

October Days

Here are some Days to Remember in October!

October 15th

Filing deadline for extended 2023 individual and C corporation tax returns

October31st – Halloween

Office Hours

After Tax Season Hours:

Monday – Thursday
8 AM to 5 PM